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Organizational ecology (also organizational demography and the population ecology of organizations) is a theoretical and empirical approach in the social sciences that is especially used in organizational studies. Organizational ecology utilizes insights from biology, economics,〔Douma, Sytse and Hein Schreuder, 2013. "Economic Approaches to Organizations". 5th edition. London: Pearson () ISBN 0273735292 • ISBN 9780273735298 〕 and sociology, and employs statistical analysis to try to understand the conditions under which organizations emerge, grow, and die. == Introduction to organizational ecology == Introduced in 1977 by Michael T. Hannan and the late John H. Freeman in their ''American Journal of Sociology'' piece "The population ecology of organizations" and later refined in their 1989 book ''Organizational Ecology'', organizational ecology examines the environment in which organizations compete and a process like natural selection occurs. This theory looks at the death of organizations (firm mortality), the birth of new organizations (organizational founding), as well as organizational growth and change. Organizational ecology contains a number of more specific 'theory fragments', including: * Inertia and change * Niche width * Resource partitioning * Density dependence * Age dependence Organizational ecology has over the years become one of the central fields in organizational studies, and is known for its empirical, quantitative character. Ecological studies usually have a large-scale, longitudinal focus (datasets often span several decades, sometimes even centuries). The books ''The Demography of Corporations and Industries'' by Glenn Carroll and Michael Hannan (2000) and ''Logics of Organization Theory: Audiences, Codes, and Ecologies'' by Michael Hannan, Laszlo Polos, and Glenn Carroll (2007), provide the most comprehensive overview of the various theories and methods in organizational ecology. Organizational ecology researchers include Michael T. Hannan, John H. Freeman, Glenn R. Carroll, Terry L. Amburgey, Laszlo Polos, Gabor Peli, Olav Sorenson, Jacques Delacroix, William P. Barnett, Christophe Boone, James B. Wade, Joel Baum, Henrich Greve, Heather Haveman, Alessandro Lomi, Anand Swaminathan, Giacomo Negro, Filippo Carlo Wezel, and Stanislav Dobrev. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Organizational ecology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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